Web3 Security Advisory

Run digital assets to the standard regulators and institutions expect

Strategy, wallet security and insurance advisory for banks, exchanges and custodians, from first architecture to licence and cover.

Wallet security maturity

Current level and target, by domain

  • D1Key lifecycle, current L3, target L4
  • D2Hardware & physical, current L4, target L4
  • D3Signing governance, current L2, target L4
  • D4Supply chain, current L2, target L3
  • D5Cryptography, current L3, target L4
  • D6Identity & audit, current L3, target L3
  • D7Monitoring, current L3, target L4
  • D8Application security, current L3, target L4
  • D9Wallet governance, current L3, target L4
Current levelGap to target
7 of 9 domains below target. Largest gap: signing governance, two levels.
Custody architectures reviewed

410

+
Security incidents analysed since 2012

120

+
Institutions tested

150

+
Wallet security specialists

25

+

In close dialogue with regulators

  • Hong KongSFC

    On-site security sessions for licensed trading platforms.

  • DubaiVARA

    Co-hosted an industry forum on security and insurance gaps for 100+ licensed and applicant VASPs.

  • JapanFSA

    Invited to brief on our Bybit hack analysis, published within 24 hours of the incident.

Four Requests, Four Outcomes

Every engagement starts with a specific problem. Client names are withheld.

  1. 01Institution new to Web3

    We want to get into Web3, maybe stablecoins or a retail exchange, but we haven’t settled on the end goal.”

    What we did

    • Mapped use cases and recommended options from industry practice
    • Ran vendor selection and answered stakeholder questions
    • Designed the wallet, custody facility and business flows
    • Wrote key, transaction and custody policies, then trained staff

    Result

    A clear roadmap, a build-ready infrastructure design and management documentation

  2. 02Local top-tier bank building custody from zero

    We want to build cold-only, institutional-grade custody for business clients.”

    What we did

    • Designed a compliant, secure custody architecture
    • Reviewed wallet technology providers and issued a formal recommendation
    • Built the full policy set, including continuity and incident response
    • Assessed custody risk and advised on insurance

    Result

    An institutional-grade custody operation with top-tier security, built from scratch

  3. 03Exchange and custodian seeking a licence

    We need an operating licence, but the regulator says our processes aren’t robust enough.”

    What we did

    • Defined what the regulator required and scoped target processes
    • Analysed risk scenarios across operations
    • Revised custody, transaction, key and risk policies
    • Re-assessed after remediation and supplied documents to the regulator

    Result

    A risk and policy framework the regulator accepted, and a licence to operate

  4. 04Exchange and custodian under regulatory review

    Our regulator wants a more complete wallet security review.”

    What we did

    • Set the review scope against prior audits and a fitting risk framework
    • Reviewed documents, custody technology and systems
    • Verified controls through on-site interviews
    • Rated each risk by residual likelihood and severity

    Result

    A full review report with mitigation steps, ready for the regulator

Five Ways We Help You Go Live Safely

One team covers strategy, security, testing and insurance.

Business Strategy

Which digital asset business should we build first, and how?

We help you choose a business model, select the underlying technology and set a long-term build plan that meets regulatory standards, so you can launch securely and scale.

What we cover

  • The licences and infrastructure each business model needs
  • Build, buy or sub-custody: the right delivery model for your institution
  • Gap analysis between your current systems and the target architecture
  • A phased build and licensing plan, with security designed in from day one

Eight business models and what they run on

Cold wallet
CustodyLending
Hot wallet
ExchangeStablecoin payments & exchangeRWA payments & exchange
Smart contract
Stablecoin issuanceRWA token issuance
Validator node
Staking

Licence requirements vary by jurisdiction and business scope.

Security & Risk Management

Will our custody setup hold up to attackers and auditors?

We design secure business systems and the governance around them, benchmarked against industry security standards and real licensing cases, with risk scenario analysis and practical improvements.

What we cover

  • Wallet architecture and fund flows that can be traced and audited
  • Physical security for HSMs, vault rooms and backup sites
  • Security evaluation of wallet technology providers, with a scored comparison and formal recommendation
  • Web3 security training for all staff, operations teams and specialists

Four policy sets we build with you

Private key security
Generation, storage, use, backup, transfer and destruction
Transaction security
Process design, limits, monitoring and regulatory requirements
Secure custody
Custody principles, operating procedures and risk identification
Continuity and incident response
Continuity plans, response plans, drills, third-party controls and root-cause analysis

Insurance Advisory

Can we insure our digital asset business on good terms?

We assess your current security level, plan your risk transfer and connect you with international underwriting capacity, working toward lower-rate cover that builds investor trust and financial resilience.

What we cover

  • An insurance plan built from your risk profile, not a generic form
  • Help strengthening the controls underwriters weigh most
  • Support through underwriting interviews, quotation and policy issuance
  • Ongoing help with policy wording and claims

Three covers for three different risks

Custody (crime and specie)
Asset losses from hacks, insider fraud, physical theft and transit.Not market losses.
Directors & officers
Management liability for decisions, regulatory investigations and third-party claims.Not asset losses.
Professional indemnity
Client losses from errors in custody, trading, settlement or advice.Not stolen assets.

Security Testing & Wallet Audit

How secure, and how mature, are our wallet operations today?

We identify risk scenarios through penetration testing, smart contract audits and a review of how you manage wallet security, then give you prioritised fixes aligned with international standards.

What we cover

  • Wallet security maturity assessment across nine domains
  • HSM configuration, signing flow and hot/cold segregation review
  • On-site inspection of facilities and operating procedures
  • Incident response and backup recovery drills

What you receive

A maturity level for every domain
Rated L1 to L5, instead of pass or fail
Evidence-backed findings
From documents, interviews, system configuration and site visits
A ranked risk matrix
Residual likelihood and severity for each risk
A remediation roadmap
High-risk, low-effort fixes first, then the path to target

Need penetration testing, vulnerability scanning or a smart contract audit on its own? See Security Risk Assessment & Consulting.

Pilots & POCs

How do we prove the use case before we commit?

We help you explore digital asset use cases, weigh business feasibility against security, write the pilot plan and take part in stakeholder discussions until the pilot meets its goals.

What we cover

  • Use case discovery and goal setting
  • Industry examples and recommended options
  • Pilot plan writing and vendor shortlisting
  • Answers for internal stakeholders and regulators

A typical starting point

“We want to get into Web3, maybe stablecoins or a retail exchange, but we haven’t settled on the end goal.”
See how that engagement ran

Wallet security maturity assessment

Rated on Capability, Not Checklists

Most audits ask whether you meet a standard. We ask whether you can actually run a digital asset business safely. Nine domains are broken into controls we can verify, then rated from L1 to L5.

D1

Key Lifecycle Management

Keys are the final control over digital assets. We check that every key and key share is generated, stored, used, backed up, re-issued and destroyed in a controlled, auditable and recoverable way, because one uncontrolled step means an irreversible loss.

What we check

Key ceremony
Controlled generation with witnesses, scripts and recordings
Key inventory
Every key and key share registered against its purpose, location and holder
Signer and share rotation
Signer credentials and key shares re-issued on schedule and when people change roles
Recovery, destruction and compromise
Tested off-site recovery, verified destruction and a key-compromise procedure

From a real engagement, details withheld

  1. Reviewing a cold-to-hot ETH transfer, a bank found that a signer who had left still held a valid key share.
  2. Signer changes weren’t linked to offboarding, so that signer still counted toward the approval quorum when the transfer was broadcast.

Our recommendation: Remove signers on departure, re-share keys whenever the signer set changes and recertify the quorum quarterly.

Five Levels, Not Pass or Fail

A level shows where you are, how far you are from target and how to close the gap year by year: what boards and regulators want to see, and a guide to where to spend.

Talk to an Advisor
  1. L1Sub-standardNo standardised process
  2. L2RepeatablePractices exist but depend on individuals
  3. L3DefinedProcesses are documented and run on schedule
  4. L4Well managedKPIs, metrics and continuous monitoring
  5. L5ExcellentRisk-led, cross-functional governance and continuous improvement

Built in Phases, Tested Before Every Launch

We bring digital asset services live one business line at a time. Each cycle ends with a security test before the next one begins.

Then back to step 1 for the next business line, building on what’s already live.

Stronger Controls, Better Insurance Terms

Insurance doesn’t replace security controls. It sits on top of them. Underwriters price the maturity of your whole control environment, so the work we do together shows up in your terms.

Wallet architecture
Wallet products, key protection and security design set your technology risk.
Controls and processes
Permissions, approvals, operations and internal control set your operational risk.
Hot and cold allocation
Each wallet type has its own base rate, so your mix moves the premium.
Talk to an Advisor

How your wallet mix moves the premium

Illustration
Cold wallets, 50% at a 1% rate0.50
Hot wallets, 50% at a 5% rate2.50

3.00annual premium per 100 of cover

Illustration only, using example rates. Premium = (limit × cold rate × cold share) + (limit × hot rate × hot share). Actual rates, limits, coverage and exclusions depend on policy terms and underwriting.

Benchmarked Against Recognised Standards

Every domain maps to international standards and regulatory expectations, and is compared with practice at leading custodians, global exchanges and tier-1 banks. We also adjust scope to the rules you must meet.

  • C4CCSS
  • IEEE2140
  • FIPS140-3
  • BitcoinBIP 32/39/44
  • IETFRFC 6979
  • OpenSSFSLSA
  • ISO/IEC27001
  • NISTCSF
  • NISTSP 800-53
  • NISTSP 800-57
  • NISTSP 800-61
  • NISTSP 800-90A/B
  • NISTSP 800-115
  • NISTSP 800-147
  • NISTSP 800-161
  • NISTSSDF
  • OWASPTop 10
  • OWASPAPI Security Top 10
  • OWASPMobile Top 10
  • MITREATT&CK
  • SWCRegistry
  • FATFRecommendations
  • Hong KongSFC
  • DubaiVARA

Common Questions

Banks and financial institutions adding digital asset services, and exchanges, custodians and wallet technology providers that need to strengthen their security, satisfy a regulator or qualify for insurance.

A compliance audit asks whether you meet a standard. We ask whether you can actually operate a digital asset business safely. Each capability gets a level from L1 to L5, backed by documents, interviews, configuration checks and site visits, so you can see the gap and a path to close it.

Underwriters assess the maturity of your control environment, and your hot and cold wallet allocation sets the base rate. Mature controls generally support better terms, but rates, limits and coverage are always subject to underwriting.

Yes. We can review your current provider, or run a full selection that scores each candidate independently on security, functionality and compliance, and ends with a formal recommendation.

Planning a Launch or Facing a Review?

Tell an advisor where you are, and we’ll scope the work with you.

Talk to an Advisor